OF THE FOREST ORDINANCE OF 1669. 59 



latterly ; and I may say that as these burdens seem to 

 mark the ancient authority of our kings, they should 

 not be lightly allowed to be so easily alienated as was 

 the case some years ago.' 



Besides such woods, frequent mention is made of woods 

 held by the king by appanage, by engagement, by usufruct, 

 by concession, and by indivis. 



The last mentioned are woods held in conjoint tenure by 

 the king and others, the tenure relating to them in their 

 entirety, so that they could not at the option of either 

 party be divided and shared by them in the ratio of their 

 respective interests in them. 



Woods held in appanage are lands set apart for the 

 maintenance of a prince, and appear to have been included 

 in woods held under the title Bouaire. 



Woods held under title of Engagements and Usufruct, 

 as also lands held under title of Bouaire and Concession, 

 are woods belonging to the Royal domain, but in posses- 

 sion of private persons, to whom the king has assigned 

 the enjoyment of them, on condition that they shall be 

 restored failing male issue of the holder of the appanage ; 

 or on termination of the period for which the concession 

 has been made ; or on the death of the person holding the 

 usufruct ; or on the completion of the felling and clearing 

 away of the wood, in accordance with the terms of purchase. 



Reference is also frequently made to Vsagers. He who 

 bad the usufruct of a forest may be likened to one who 

 holds an estate by entail, the usager had only some 

 limited right in it secured by immemorial usage, and 

 this may like the entire usufruct be, either in regard to 

 state forests or the forests of private persons, as the case 

 may be. The usages generally take one or other of two 

 forms, and may be in some cases claimed in both forms, 

 one relates to the depasturing of cattle, the other to the 

 taking of wood for prescribed purposes. The claim is 

 based on use and wont from times beyond the memory of 

 man, or otherwise established. 



