8 
tion of pine up to 40,000 trees per acre can be secured. But 
light is necessary. In the natural stand itself, whatever pine 
seedlings there may be, are very stunted. On the other hand, 
there is usually an abundant advance growth of hardwood, as 
the following table will show. The plot used for the enumera- 
tion of the advance growth was .2 acre. The mature stand 
was pure pine, seventy years old, and averaged 300 trees per 
acre. 
TABLE III 
Percent of 
Species Mixture 
Red Maple sy cece abaceas itt telin We atels) 2 ete ses 36 
Red Oak sa.2) Dic: dvoly x snl GRE SRG dea ee 12 
White Oakes wn taney an Savsrcu ghia rama seen ee eae 12 
Black Birchis o 2 scene who kaise alban sane ee Gees 12 
Chestniitic.:2o.3.. ie peta eee cat bess teeta ene eee 10 
Black: Cherty <i sii none oe ake ek Seba eae ee AR eo aes 9 
White. ABRs oo2n5. 77h Ses dundee anes ate Maur edietaes Seeniens 6 
Gray Bnei wads Sadana Ravan Sk Gals name tau ea cat 1 
POPLAR ed ech act coach amt Aalts ced teal Gade eee eonceti nae. lawl 1 
Miscellaneous............ 000 c eee eee ene eee 6 1 
The number of stems per acre of this advance growth 
averaged 2,600 and only stems over a foot in height were 
taken. In this particular area red maple is seeding in very 
freely. Plots ten feet square were used to count the number 
of red maples from one foot in height downwards. The 
greatest number recorded for one of these plots was 130, 
which is equivalent to 56,000 per acre. 
Gray birch, which so freely seeds up vacant areas, does not 
occur at all freely in this advance growth under pine. This is 
due to its demands for light. In this respect it stands away 
from the other hardwoods and closely approaches pine. 
Gray birch is practically a useless tree but a vigorous grower. 
Where the birch has occurred in quantity in cut-over land, 
this has been due to lack of density of the advance growth. 
The birch has seeded in after the cutting of the pine, and has 
gained a foothold in the vacant spaces. Adequately stocked 
land will not be attacked by gray birch. It may be here re- 
marked that no such thing as an average can be given for the 
