50 LUCK, OR CUNNING? 



memory or instinct," thereby implying that instinct 

 is " hereditary memory." " It makes no essential dif- 

 ference," he says, " whether the past sensation was 

 actually experienced by the individual itself, or be- 

 queathed it, so to' speak, by its ancestors.* For it 

 makes no essential difference whether the nervous 

 changes . . . were occasioned during the lifetime of 

 the individual or during that of the species, and after- 

 wards impressed by heredity on the individual." 



Lower down on the same page he writes : — 



"As showing how close is the connection between 

 hereditary memory and instinct," &c. 



And on the following page : — 



"And this shows how closely the phenomena of 

 hereditary memory are related to those of individual 

 memory : at this stage , it is practically impossible 

 to disentangle the effects of hereditary memory from 

 those of the individual." 



Again : — 



" Another point which we have here to consider is 

 the part which heredity has played in forming the 

 perceptive faculty of the individual prior to its own 

 experience. We have already seen that heredity plays 

 an important part in forming memory of ancestral 

 experiences, and thus it is that many animals come 

 into the world with their power of perception already 

 largely developed. . . . The wealth of ready-formed 

 information, and therefore of ready-made powers of 

 perception, with which many newly-born or newly- 

 hatched animals are provided, is so great and so 

 Mental Evolution In Animals, p. Ii6. Kegan Paul, Nov. 1883. 



