82 LUCK, OR CUNNING? 



development has ever been a matter of the same 

 energy, effort, good sense, and perseverance, as tend 

 to advancement of life now among ourselves. In 

 essence it is neither more nor less than this, as the 

 rain-drop which denuded an ancient formation is of 

 the same kind as that which is denuding a modern 

 one, though its effect may vary in geometrical ratio 

 with the effect it has produced already. As we are 

 extending reason to the lower animals, so we must 

 extend a system of moral government by rewards and 

 punishments no less surely ; and if we admit that to 

 some considerable extent man is man, and master of 

 his fate, we should admit also that all organic forms 

 which are saved at all have been in proportionate 

 degree masters of their fate too, and have worked out, 

 not only their own salvation, but their salvation accord- 

 ing, in no small measure, to their own goodwill and 

 pleasure, at times with a light heart, and at times 

 in fear and trembling. I do not say that Erasmus 

 Darwin and Lamarck saw all the foregoing as clearly 

 as it is easy to see it now ;, what I have said, however, 

 is only the natural development of their system. 



