3c?2 LUCK, OR CUNNING f 



animal or vegetable. Why any subdivision ? — but if 

 any, why not more than two great classes ? " 



The two main stems of the tree of life ought, one 

 would think, to have been formed on the same prin- 

 ciple as the boughs which represent genera, and the 

 twigs which stand for species and varieties. If specific 

 differences arise mainly from differences of action taken 

 in consequence of differences of opinion, then, so 

 ultimately do generic ; so, therefore, again, do differ- 

 ences between families ; so therefore, by analogy, shdnld 

 that greatest of differences in virtue of which the 

 world of life is mainly animal, or vegetable. In this 

 last case as much as in that of specific difference, we 

 ought to find divergent form the embodiment and 

 organic expression of divergent opinion. Form is 

 mind made manifest in flesh through action : shades 

 of mental difference being expressed in shades of 

 physical difference, while broad fundamental differ- 

 ences of opinion are expressed in broad fundamental 

 differences of bodily shape. 



Or to put it thus : — 



If form and habit be regarded as functionally in- 

 terdependent, that is to say, if neither form nor habit 

 , can vary without corresponding variation in the other, 

 and if habit and opinion concerning advantage are also 

 functionally interdependent, it follows self-evidently 

 that form and opinion concerning advantage (and hence 

 form and cunning) will be functionally interdependent 

 also, and that there can be no great modification of 

 the one without corresponding modification of the 

 other. Let there, then, be a point in respect of which 



