THE APPLE. 53 



and at the Northwest. Most of the Russian 

 varieties will endure the greatest extremes 

 of cold. 



Apples for export should be selected and 

 packed with greatest care in order to insure 

 arrival in good condition. They should also 

 be carefully graded into three sizes, rejecting 

 inferior or spotted specimens. Good fruit will 

 certainly bring good returns, but a lower 

 grade will scarcely cover expenses. It is im- 

 possible to estimate the average value of the 

 apple crop of the country. Some idea may 

 be formed by stating that the value of exports 

 of dried apples was not far from one million 

 dollars in 1890, and nearly double this amount 

 in green fruit. The bulk of this goes to Eng- 

 land, nearly an equal amount being shipped 

 from Boston and New York, with a smaller 

 percentage from Portland. J\Iost of the Can- 

 ada fruit goes from Montreal. 



Apple trees should be planted at least 

 thirty-three feet, and better than this, forty 

 feet apart for permanent orchards, in the lat- 

 ter case giving forty-nine trees to the acre, 

 the outside rows being iifteen feet distant 

 from the outer line. But for family pur- 

 poses it is generally found best to plant these 

 near the outer line of the estate, or in cor- 



