THE APPLE. 71 



The Flat-Headed Borer (^Chrysohothris feiino- 

 ratd). This is a pest common to all parts of 

 the country, attacking also the pear, plum, and 

 other trees. Unfortunately, it does not confine 

 its attacks to the base of the tree, but deposits its 

 eggs within crevices or scales of the bark over 

 the entire length of the trunk. The larva is a 

 pale yellow grub from half to three fourths of an 

 inch long, with a large flat head. Its habits are 

 much like the round-headed borer, except that 

 it is believed to mature in a single season and 

 bore into the wood the first autumn. This is 

 the grub which is hunted and destroyed by the 

 woodpeckers. Sickly trees are much more 

 likely to be attacked by this borer than those in 

 vigorous growth. Keeping the bark clean and 

 smooth, and painting, as in the previous case, 

 will be a safeguard. 



The Canker - Worm (^Anisopteryx vernata 

 and A. pometaria'). There are two species of 

 the canker-worm, well defined to the entomolo- 

 gist, and yet so similar in most respects that 

 they have been confounded under one name. 

 As the worms closely resemble each other in 

 habit, size, and appearance, it is only necessary 

 to bear in mind this difference, that the moth 

 of the A. pometaria rises and deposits its eggs 

 chiefly in the fall, while the A. vernata is more 



