78 FRUIT CULTURE. 



FUNGI. 



Apple Scab (Fusicladium dendriticum) . 

 This is almost the only fungous growth that 

 seriously affects the fruit and foliage of the 

 apple. It is less prevalent in the Southern 

 States, and is more severe in the cooler re- 

 gions. But it is the cause of severe loss in 

 the best sections of apple culture. It is the 

 cause of the " scab," or " black spot," so often 

 seen on the fruit, and also the irregular smoky 

 blotches on the leaves. In some States the 

 loss from this disease is placed as high as one 

 fourth of the crop. Professor Scribner recom- 

 mends as an effectual remedy the thorough 

 washing or sprajdng of the trees before the 

 leaves start with a solution of sulphate of cop- 

 per — one pound to ten gallons of water — 

 and after this, sprayiifg with the ammoniacal 

 solution of the carbonate of copper, once just 

 before blossoming, once when the fruit is set, 

 and once when it is half grown. 



Powdery jMildew {Podosfhera oxycauttioe'). 

 A fungus which sometimes covers the leaves 

 with a grayish mildew, especially upon young 

 trees in the nursery. Spraying four or five 

 times with the fungicides will destroy the 

 fungus. 



