HEMEDIES AND PREVENTIVES. 223 



ing the liquid into a hole near the roots, and 

 closing immediately, so that the vapor shall 

 permeate the soil. It must be kept corked 

 and away from fire. Carbolic acid diluted 

 with water is much safer, but not as effectual. 



FUNGICIDES. 



Bordeaux Mixture. — No longer ago than the 

 year 1888 this preparation was first applied in 

 this country as a remedy for the mildews. 

 Since that date this and various modifications 

 of copper solutions have wrought a revolution 

 in grape culture. It is not saying too much 

 to affirm that mildews are now fairly under 

 control. The formula for the Bordeaux is as 

 follows: eight pounds of sulphate of copper 

 dissolved in five gallons of hot water, ten 

 pounds of best quicklime slaked with eight 

 gallons of hot water in another vessel. When 

 cool strain the lime carefully with a flour 

 sieve, and afterwards thoroughly mix the two 

 solutions by constant stirring. When ready 

 for use, an addition of twenty gallons of water 

 is made, and the mixture is again stirred and 

 strained. With all care, the lime will cause 

 fine nozzles to clog more or less. The Ver- 

 morel, Japy, and Vigoroux nozzles are con- 

 structed so as to be easily cleaned. The lime 



