14 VETERINARY OBSTETRICS. 



With the exception of the equine species, the 

 sacrum is joined to the last lumbar vertebra by three 

 diarthrodial surfaces only — the head of the body and 

 two transverse processes. 



The ischio pubic symphysis in the Cow is con- 

 siderably longer than in the Mare and not rectilinear; 

 ossification of the symphysis is less complete, and takes 

 place much later than in the Mare. 



6 



Fig. s. 



Ligaments of the Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum and Pelvis. 



{Seen from below.) 



a. Intertransverse Ligament of the Lumbar Vertebrae ; b. Capsular 

 Ligament of the Spinous Process of the Fifth and Sixth Lumbar 

 Vertebrae; c. Capsular Ligament of the Sacrum; d, Inferior Sacro- 

 iliac Ligament ; e. Obturator Ligament;" /, Transverse Ligament of 

 the Ischio-pubic Symphysis. 



In the Sheep and Goat, the ischio-pubic symphysis- 

 is rectilinear. Ossification very late in life, and almost 

 never in those animals which have had many young.. 

 These remarks apply also to the Pig. 



In the Bitch and Cat, the symphysis rarely ossifies. 



The sacro-sciatic ligament is attached superiorly 

 to the lateral borders of the transverse processes of the 



