Chapter II. 

 PHYSIOLOGY. 



As a« rule, it is necessary that before the female 

 animal can become pregnant, copulation with the male 

 must take place. There are exceptions to this rule, 

 however, as it has been found possible by mediate or 

 artificial means, i. e., by collecting the seminal fluid of 

 the male, and through the agency of an instrument 

 (the Impregnator) injecting this fluid directly into the 

 uterus of the female, to cause impregnation. 



The age or period of an animal's life when 

 copulation can take place with impregnation as the 

 result, is termed the 



Age of Puberty. 



The appearance of puberty, and certain conditions 

 which it gives rise to, takes place at different periods 

 in different animals. 



In the human female, this condition appears at 

 from ten to twelve years, and in the male, from eleven 

 to fourteen years. 



In the Cow, nine months to two years, although 



in some exceptional cases it appears very much earlier. 



A case has been reported where the female gave birth 



to a calf at eleven months old, the sire of the calf 



being only twelve months old at this time. 



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