DYSTOKIA 6 I 



tion. In the majority of cases, when a cow, for 

 Instance, is allowed to run at pasture, and the grass not 

 too luxuriant and stimulating, parturition takes place 

 unattended, and both mother and young one do well. 

 The same law holds good in the human subject. 

 When the female Is in comfortable, but not too 

 luxuriant circumstances, the percentage of cases of 

 ■difificult parturition, or accidents after, is considerably 

 less than It Is In those who spend their time, while 

 pregnant, In indolence and luxury. 



Actual Causes, other than Hygienic Treatment, -which, 

 give rise to Difi&cult Parturition. 



FCETAL DYSTOKIA. 



The first great cause is mal-presentatlon or mal- 

 position of the foetus. 



The second, mal-formation of the foetus. 



MATERNAL DYSTOKIA. 



The third, mal-formation of the parent. 



The fourth, disease existing In the parent at the 

 time of parturition. Interfering with or preventing the 

 expulsion of the foetus. 



Mal-presentation of the Foetus. 



For convenience of description, all presentations 

 met with are classified under four heads. These are : 

 I St, Anterior. 

 2nd, Posterior. 

 3rd, Sterno-abdominal. 

 4ih, Dorso-lumbar. 



