138 VETERINARY OBSTETRICS. 



Tumors of the udder are seen in Cows and Bitches, 

 but seldom in other animals. They usually take the 

 form of warts, and are more common on the teats than 

 on the udder. 



Polypi occasionally occur on the mucous membrane 

 of the mammary or milk ducts, and may interfere with 

 the discharge of milk. 



If these neoplasms do not seriously interfere with 

 milking, it is best to defer operation until lactation 

 ceases. They can generally be removed • by scissors, 

 ligature, ecraseur, or cautery. Some may require to be 

 enucleated. 



FISSURED OR CHAPPED TEATS. 



This condition is chiefly caused by injuries, unim- 

 portant at first, it may be, but if neglected may lead to 

 more serious conditions, as mammitis, or septicaemia, 

 besides rendering the animal uneasy during the process 

 of milking, or when she Is being sucked. 



Causes. — Any source of local irritation may bring 

 about fissure. 



Symptoms. — Fissures are perhaps more often seen 

 in primiparse having fine and thin skin. The crack 

 appears as a more or less deep, narrow sore, running 

 in a transverse direction round the teat, the edges 

 being thickened and indurated. When the teat is 

 distended with milk, the sores have a gaping appearance. 

 When superficial, chaps may not cause much trouble, 

 but when deep, they are very painful, as exhibited by 

 .the animal's aversion to manipulation of the teat, or to 

 milking, or sucking. 



