I_j^S VETERINARY OBSTETRICS. 



animal (Foal or Calf). Some authorities suggest 

 heredity as a predisposing cause. 



Treatment, — Among the varied applications, 

 recommended in umbilical hernise are : local astringents, 

 subcutaneous injections of solutions of sodium chloride^ 

 trusses of various kinds, caustic and blistering agents^ 

 as sulphuric and nitric acids, cantharides ointment, etc. 

 For small hernise, nitric acid may be employed to 

 destroy the skin and cause such swelling as to close the 

 orifice before the skin is separated. Some authorities, 

 recommend the application of concentrated sulphuric 

 or nitric acid with a glass rod in the form of lines, at least 

 three-eighths to three-quarters of an inch apart. Others- 

 use a brush, applying the acid to entire surface of the sac. 

 Bandages, pads, simple or multiple ligation of the sac,, 

 clamps, as Combe's or Bordonnat's, herniotomy, etc. 



In small herniae, treatment is not always necessary, 

 the enlargements frequently disappearing spontaneously. 



CEdema of the Umbilicus. 



This condition is due to the accumulation of serum^ 

 sometimes blood, in the connective tissue of the cord. 

 It is usually due to laceration or contusion during- 

 birth, but may frequently be caused by sucking and 

 tearing at the remains of the cord, by other young; 

 animals. 



Symptoms. — The swelling is often of considerable 

 size, and Is always cold to the touch. In Calves It 

 often remains for a length of time, and Is said by 

 Zundel to constitute a grave defect In young Bulls^ 

 which it mechanically prevents from copulating. 



