INDEX 



Phoebe (Sayomis phcebe), 115. 



Pigeon, 288, 289. 



Pine, Pitch (Pinus rigida), 19, 



20, 32, 33, 84, 226. 

 Red (P. resinosa), 226. 

 White (P. Strobus), 85, 21-2, 



226. 

 Pipit (Anthus- rubescens), 94, 



95, 250, 291. 

 Pits in sand, 22. 

 Plantain, Seaside (Plantago de- 



cipiens), 195. 

 Play in birds, 114, 130. 

 Plover, Black-bellied (Squata- 



rola squatarola), 64, 151, 



152. 

 Golden (Charadrius domini- 



cus), 151. 

 Piping (jEgialitis meloda), 62, 



149, 150. 

 Semipalmated (vEgiaUtis semi- 



pahnata), 64, 150, 151, 286. 

 Upland (Bartramia longi- 



cauda), 245, 246. 

 Plum Island, 26, 80, 160. 

 PoUuck (Pollachius virens), 126. 

 Poplar (Populus tremuloides and 



P. grandidentata), 225. 

 Prairie hare (Lepus campestris), 



46-49. 

 Protective coloration, 42, 51, 69, 



110, 235. 



Quahog, Northern (Arctica is- 

 landica), 268, 269. 



Rail, Black (Creciscus jamaicen- 

 sis), 241. 

 Clapper (Rallus crepitans), 



241. 

 King (R. elegans), 241. 

 Sora (Porzana carohna), 241. 

 Range-Ught, Ipswich, 12, 25. 

 Rat, Norway (Epimys norvegi- 



cus), 59. 

 Rate of subsidence of land, 213. 



Razor fish (Ensis directus), 269. 

 Redpoll (Acanthis linaria), 96. 

 Redstart (Setophaga ruticiUa), 



92. 

 Reefs, Sand, 11, 12. 

 Rhodora (Rhodora canadense), 



83, 84. 

 Richardson, Sir John, 91, 104. 

 Ripple-marks, 15, 16, 19. 

 Robin (Planesticus migratorius), 



87, 100, 191, 250, 290, 291, 



298, 299. 

 Robin Reef, 160, 161. 

 Rosemary, Marsh (Limonium 



carolinianum), 196. 

 Roosts, Swallow, 111-121. 

 Rose, Wild (Rosa carohna, R. 



nitida), 83, 226. 



Saddle-back, see Gull, Great 



black-backed. 

 Sahara, 21. 



Salt marshes, 188-228. 

 Birds of, 229-251. 

 Geological history of, 206- 



228. 

 Vegetation of, 190-205. 

 Saltwort (Salsola Kah), 72, 73. 

 Sand blast, 23. 

 Samphire (Salicomia europaea), 



195, 201. 

 Sand collar, 265. 

 Sand-dollar (Echinarachnius 



parma), 260. 

 Sand dunes, 11-37. 

 Land birds of, 86-110. 

 Origin of, 13, 14. 

 Rate of advance, 20, 21. 

 Varieties of, 16-19, 22. 

 Vegetation in, 70-85. 

 Water birds seen from, 123- 

 159. 

 Sand, Grains of, 23, 24. 

 Sanderling (CaUdris leucophsea), 

 154, 155. ■•" 



Sandpiper, Baird's (Pisobia 

 bairdi), 158. 



308 



