COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS TREES 121 



The composition of the juniper " berries " ' is the 

 following : — 



A volatile (essential) oil is distilled from the 

 full-grown unripe green " fruit" of Juniperus com- 

 munis. It is used in the preparation of spiritus 

 juniperi and mistura creosoti of The British 

 Pharmacopceia, and also as a constituent of gin 

 and gin essences. Another essential oil is distilled 

 from the leaves of Juniperus sahincB; the leaves 

 (" tops ") of Juniperus virginiana (red cedar) also 

 yield an essential oil on distillation. 



The oil of cade or juniper tar oil is an empyreu- 

 matic oily liquid obtained by the destructive distil- 

 lation of the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus. 



The junipers are dicBcious trees. 



1 The pseudo-fruit of the juniper is not a berry but a galbulus — 

 a modification of- the strobUus (cone) with enlarged fleshy scales. 



