152 MANURES FOR FRUIT TREES 



timber trees — mast-spars are made of the wood 

 of various species of Pinus ; and the gates of 

 Constantinople were made of the wood of the 

 cypress, which lasted 1,100 years. 



The ashes of Pinus contain in 100 parts : — 



One ton of Pinus extracts 32 lbs. of mineral 

 matter from the soil. 



Pinus sylvestris and other species produce an 

 oleo-resin (turpentine), which on distillation, 

 usually by the aid of steam, yields an oil (oil 

 of turpentine), and resin (colophony) is the residue 

 left fifter distillation. 



Fir-wool oil is the oil distilled from the leaves of 

 Pinus sylvestris, or the Scotch fir. 



