20 Condensed Milk and Milk Powder 



industry. By skillful manipulation these promoters frequently 

 secure "fat rake-offs" on every purchase of machinery and on every 

 contract of labor. Their victims pay exorbitant prices' for a first 

 class building and most up-to-date equipment, and often receive a 

 shack barely strong enough to stand up under its own weight, and 

 equipment of inadequate capacity. 



Stone, brick and concrete, according to availability, are most 

 desirable materials of which to construct a condensery. In the case 

 of wooden walls or partitions, they should rest on cement, brick or 

 stone, built up at least two feet from the floor, or the lower two feet 

 of such walls and partitions should be wainscoated with good cem- 

 ent plaster. All floors of the main 'building should be of cement, 

 with at least three and one-half inches of concrete on a good foun- 

 dation, and one-half to three-fourths inch cement surfacing. If the 

 walls, partitions and ceilings are of wood, they should be lathed and 

 plastered with damp-proof plaster on the inside. Matched lumber is 

 unsatisfactory. It generally soon warps and peals off, owing to 

 exposure to free steam and dampness. Plenty of ventilators should 

 be provided in the boiler room, receiving platform, vat room and 

 well room to afford a ready escape of steam and foul air, facilitate 

 the regulation of the temperature and prevent the walls and ceil- 

 ings from "sweating." 



Drainage. — All floors of the manufacturing rooms should slope 

 to facilitate rapid drainage. A fall of one-eighth inch per foot 

 is usually sufficient. Large water-sealed floor drains should be suf- 

 ficiently numerous and well placed in all rooms to rapidly carry 

 off water. The surface of these floor drains should' be about one- 

 half inch below that of the adjoining floor, so as to catch the water, 

 readily. In the larger rooms open drain-ditches in the cement floor 

 six to eight inches wide, and covered with perforated iron plates, are 

 preferable to bell-traps. They may be placed along the walls or 

 elsewhere. They should be not more than forty feet apart and have 

 a fall of one-eighth inch to the foot, with the floor sloping toward 

 them. It is generally most convenient to have all the drain pipes 

 enter into one large sewer pipe not less than ten inches in diameter, 

 for a condensery receiving about fifty thousand pounds of milk daily, 

 which should dispose of all the factory sewerage. 



