104 SCHOOL AND HOME GARDENS 
leaves or a coating of coarse manure. With the exception 
of some fine material, the covering must be removed in 
the spring when it is time for the earliest flowers to 
appear. 
Plants that have a tendency to form clumps when 
they are permitted to stand in the same place from year 
to year must be taken up early in the spring and sepa- 
rated. The strongest may then be planted where they 
are needed. Weak plants must be removed from the 
border each spring, so that they may be replaced with 
stronger ones. Places that have been occupied with dis- 
eased plants should be filled with other varieties that 
are not subject to the attack of the disease. 
If the border also contains shrubs, all dead wood must 
be removed in the spring. Shrubs that have a tendency 
to spread must be limited to their share of the border. 
The plants must be protected from the ravages of insects 
by spraying with lead arsenate, Paris green, or kerosene 
emulsion. Against leaf diseases use Bordeaux mixture. 
