CHAPTER XVIII 
ROSES 
Planting. Rosebushes should be planted in well- 
drained, sunny places. The soil should be spaded to a 
depth of at least twelve inches and well fertilized with 
barnyard manure. The bushes should be set deep, and 
the earth must be well packed around the roots. The 
shoots should be cut back to five or six buds. After 
planting, water freely, and if the sun is strong, protect 
them for a few days with a covering of newspapers or 
other suitable material. Water every evening until they 
show signs of having become established, also during 
protracted drouths. 
Pruning. fosa rugosa requires very little pruning. 
The tips may be shortened annually, so that the canes 
will have a uniform height. The older canes should be 
cut out occasionally, so that new growth from the cen- 
ter will be encouraged. All dead wood must be removed, 
and if the plant is in very bad condition it may be cut 
to the ground and given an opportunity to make an 
entirely new growth. The condition of the soil must be 
carefully looked after if this should be necessary. 
Perpetual roses must be cut back liberally in the spring 
but never in summer or autumn. From two thirds to 
four fifths of the last year’s wood must be removed. 
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