184 SCHOOL AND HOME GARDENS 
from the stub. Split the end with a broad chisel or 
grafting tool. Spread the cleft with a wedge so that the 
scion may be inserted. Cut the scion in the shape of a 
rather long wedge. The lowest bud on the scion should 
be near the top of the stock. Place the scion so that 
the inner layer of the bark will meet the imner layer of 
bark of the stock. It is well to make the wedge-shaped 
part of the scion a little thicker along one edge than 
along the other, and to set it so that the thicker edge is 
the one whose bark meets the bark of the stock. Care- 
fully cover all cut surfaces and every part of the cleft 
with grafting wax. 
APPLES 
Study the kinds of apples produced in your locality. 
Tf you can have but few trees, select enough of different 
varieties to give a succession during the summer. In 
selecting winter apples, choose some for early use and 
other varieties for late spring use. If your place is large 
enough to plant for market, choose standard varieties 
that do well in your particular kind of soil and climate. 
Cultivation. Cultivate the soil regularly during the 
spring and summer. Garden crops or small fruits may be 
grown between the trees for two or three years. In July 
or August sow a cover crop on the ground. Clover, cow- 
peas, and vetch are preferable, because they take free 
nitrogen from the air and add it to the soil. Rye and oats 
are also valuable, since they take up nitrogen that is in 
the soil and keep it until the next season. 
