THE VEGETABLE GARDEN 205 
during the winter or before the buds open in the spring. 
Its chief use is to destroy scale insects on fruit trees. 
Tobacco dust. For aphis and flea beetles, place a 
small quantity im a coarse cloth and dust it on leaves 
when they are damp; for insects that injure the roots 
and stalks, scatter it on the ground around the stems. 
PLANT DISEASES 
Fungi. Both the leaves and the fruit of many plants 
are attacked by fungi, such as mildew, blight, rust, and 
black rot. The fungi penetrate the interior of the 
tissues, so that spraying after the parts are imfested 
is of little value. 
Bordeaux mixture. Bordeaux mixture may be ob- 
tained either in a dry or in a liquid form, ready for 
use by simply adding water, or it may be prepared 
by the following formula, which is known as the 
“standard Bordeaux mixture’: Copper sulfate, six 
pounds; stone lime, four pounds; water, fifty gallons. 
Place the copper sulfate in a coarse cloth and suspend 
it in an earthen or wooden vessel containing one gallon 
of water for each pound of the copper salt. Slake the 
lime and add one gallon of water for each pound of 
lime. The stock solutions may be kept separate and 
mixed as needed. Before mixing add water enough to 
make twenty-five gallons of each solution. Keep well 
stirred while mixing. The strong solutions must not 
be poured together. 
