THE VEGETABLE GARDEN 279 
inches. Break all clods so that they will not interfere 
with the downward growth of the roots. With a rake 
make a very fine surface soil. The seeds come up slowly. 
Mark the rows with a few radish seeds. Sow the seeds 
half an inch deep in drills eighteen inches apart. Thin 
out so that the plants will be from three to six inches 
apart in the row. 
Seeds. Parsnip seeds must be fresh; there is little 
vitality in them after the first year. 
Culture. Weed and cultivate until the leaves cover 
the ground. 
Pests. For webworms and other pests, use arsenate 
of lead, one tablespoonful to two gallons of water. 
PEAS 
Varieties. The smooth-seeded dwarf varieties of peas 
are best for very early planting. The wrinkled-seeded 
kinds are not so hardy but are of better quality. There 
are three types of wrinkled-seeded peas — dwarf, half- 
dwarf, and tall, which are early, medium, and late. 
Time of planting. Smooth peas should be planted as 
soon as the frost is out of the ground. The dwarf 
wrinkled varieties may be put in about the first of April. 
Plant half-tall and tall peas in May. By making a 
succession of plantings and by planting varieties that 
mature at different times, peas may be had during a 
long season. A planting of extra early peas may be 
made the first of August for fall use. 
