80 OPHIDIANS. 
squame 48; scales in 23 rows. Oblor olive-green above, pearl-white on 
the belly. 
Habitat, Nilgherries. 
No. 2. Crotalus Halys Himalayanus. 
Trigonocephalus afinis (Ginther). Habitat, the North- 
west Himalayas. 
Length 23 to 84, diameter 3/7; abdominal scuta 162 to 166, subcaudal 
squamee 43 to 51. Rostrum broader than long; nose protruding; rostral 
oblique, higher than broad; frontals well developed, entire; anterior fron- 
tals short; transverse tapering on the sides, together form a crescent shape ; 
posterior frontals large, pointed in front, rounded behind; occipitals 
small, rounded. Five upper labials, a sixth and seventh confluent with 
the temporals; the second small, not entering the margin of the facial 
pit; a third enters the orbit; three large temporals, the two hinder ones 
forming a portion of the lip; body round; tail terminates in a long spine. 
Color dark brown, with large band-like spots along the back, scarcely 
distinguishable except by their black edges. Belly almost entirely black 
marbled with yellow; a broad blackish band runs from the eye along the 
temporal shields to the angle of the mouth, with a narrow black and white 
edge above and below; lower labials marked with dun yellow and black. 
This species is found, according to Stoliczka, at an eleva- 
tion of 10,000 feet. 
Fourth Species—CroraLus Hypnate (Fitz). 
Variety Crotalus Hypnale nepa, called Carawilla in South- 
ern India, or Coluber nepa, Laur.* 
Carawala, Davy. 
Cophias hypnale, Merr. tent. 
Trigonocephalus hypnale, Wagl. 
Trimaculatus (?) Ceylonensis, Gray. 
Trigonocephalus zara, Gray. 
Giinther’s description is, viz.: Habitat, Southern India, 
Malabar, Anamallay Mountains, and Ceylon. 
* Described also by Russell, vol. ii, pl. 22. 
