lo Veterinary Medicine. 



anaesthesia of etherisation, or the local anaesthesia caused by the 

 topical applicatton of cocaine or carbolic acid. 



Analgesia, or insensibility to pain, may be present in cases in 

 which ordinary sensations are still felt. It may be caused by co- 

 caine, alcohol, and to some extent by carbolic acid. 



Hyperalgesia is the opposite of this condition, and may be 

 seen in certain irritable conditions of the nerve centres. 



PSYCHIC SYMPTOMS AND DISORDERS. 



Limitation in lower animals. Effects of age, training, race heredity, in- 

 dividual and racial peculiarities, exhaustion, prostration, dementia, cerebral 

 congestion, compression, degeneration, narcotics, ptomaines, toxins. Con- 

 trolling absorption in another trouble. Delusions, hallucinations, vice, 

 violence, oestrum, fatigue. Cerebral source of motions. 



These have a much more restricted field in the lower animals 

 than in man in keeping with the limitation of the mental facul- 

 ties, and they may often be traced to demonstrated structural dis- 

 order. Yet some emotions of joy, fear or rage run very high 

 and are comparatively unchecked by high mental development or 

 mental training. The effect of training is, however, very 

 marked in the more educated animals. 



Age modifies by the sobering that come from experience and 

 habit. The frolics of puppies, kittens, lambs, foals and calves 

 are in marked contrast with the sedateness and stolidity of old 

 dogs, cats, sheep or cattle. 



Training is seen in the educated horse which would have 

 been panic stricken at sight of a locomotive, flag or floating 

 paper, at the smell of a lion or bear, at the sound of a gun or 

 drum, and which will now boldly face any one of these with no 

 manifest tremor. The emotional puppy can be trained to 

 soberly fetch and carry, to drive sheep or cattle without biting, 

 to lie sentinel by his master's property, to point at birds without 

 seeking to catch them, or to carry shot birds without devouring 

 them. 



Race heredity comes from the training along the same lines 

 in many successive generations. Thus the more domesticated 

 breeds of dogs (shepherd, poodle, and greyhound) are very af- 



