68 Veterinary Medicine. 



skin or mucous membrane. In more than one instance in this 

 college clinic the trouble was corrected by the section of both 

 facial branches of the 5th cranial nerves as they emerged from 

 the infra-orbital foramina. 



Abnormal Movements of the Tongue. 



Some horses double the tongue downward, others upward of 

 •the bit ; others protrude the tongue and give it a sinuous, ser- 

 pentine motion, which causes alternate protrusion and retraction. 



Flapping of the Lower Lip. 



This habit of rapid opening and closing of the lower lip so as 

 to produce a disagreeable flapping noise by striking it agaiust 

 the upper, is seen in many horses and proves a most objection- 

 able trait in harness or saddle animals. 



Rhythmical Movements of the Nose. 



Certain horses apply the protractile erid of the nose against the 

 lower lip and spend hours in succession in moving it rhythmic- 

 ally forward and backward, or from side to side. 



Weaving. Movement like a Bear in a Cage. 



This consists in a lateral rocking of the head and neck, and 

 sometimes of the chest as well with alternate stepping on the 

 right and left fore feet. It has been supposed to represent the 

 movement of the weaver in working a hand loom, or Still better 

 the movement of a caged wild beast in constant turning toward 

 the right and left of the front of his cage. The motions are as 

 regular as a pendulum, and involve the contraction of corre- 

 sponding groups of muscles on the two sides of .the body. 



They seem, in some cases, to begin in impatience in waiting 

 for the feed, while other horses in the same row are being at- 

 tended to first, but when the habit has been formed it may be 

 continued most of the time in the intervals between feeds as well. 

 Nervous horses and those that are hearty feeders are the most 

 subject to this infirmity. 



