go Veterinary Medicine. 



avoidance of all excitement together with a laxative non-stimu- 

 lating diet must be secured throughout. A course of vegetable 

 or mineral tonics and an occasional blister to the side of the neck 

 may prove a usefiil sequel. 



CEREBRAI, HYPEREMIA. 



MENINGO — ENCEPHALIC CONGESTION. 



Passive and active hyperaemia. Causes : passive : obstacles to return of 

 blood : anaemia : active : brain excitement, sunstroke, violent exertion, fear, 

 abdominal tympany, ptomaines, narcotics, lead, darnel, millet, leguminous 

 seeds partly ripened, tumors, parasites. Symptoms : horse : variable, vertigo, 

 stupor, convulsions, apoplexy, irritability, disorderly movements, strong, 

 hard pulse, congested mucosae, heat of head, dullness, drowsiness, lethargy, 

 coma, alternating periods of violence, aggravated by what tends to increase 

 vascularity of brain , congested optic disc : cattle : parallel , with special heat of 

 horns : dog's: similar, with desire to move, or wander, or has nausea,howls, 

 snaps. Treatment : cold to head, derivation to limbs and bowels, chloral, 

 bromides, ergot, bleeding, darkness, coolness, non -stimulating food. 



Congestion of the encephalon is treated here as a pathological 

 entity, though it cannot always be distinguished clinically from 

 some forms of vertigo on the one hand and from the milder types 

 of apoplexy or encephalitis on the other. It has been divided 

 into passive or venous hypercEmia and active or arterial hypermmia. 



Passive hypemmip,, as shown under vertigo and apoplexy is a 

 common result of a tight collar, a tight strap used for crib-biting, a 

 too short bearing rein, dilation or valvular disease of the right 

 heart, or disease of the lungs, violent efforts in running, draught, 

 etc. It tends to be associated with arterial anaemia- on the princi- 

 ple that the closed cranial cavity can only admit a certain amount 

 of blood and if an excess accumulates in the veins and capillaries, 

 this must be compensated first by the movement backward to the 

 spinal canal of the cerebro-spinal fluid, and second by the dimi- 

 nution of the blood in the cerebral arteries. 



Active hyperemia, may be brought about by any excitement 

 which especially affects the brain. This has been already noted 

 in connection with insolation (sunstroke). It may result from 



