I04 Veterinary Medicine. 



The softening of the nervous tissue may result in a pulpy 

 material, which in the comparative absence of blood is grayish 

 (gray softening), if abundantly infiltrated with blood is red 

 (red softening), if older and discolored is yellow, as in an old 

 extravasation (yellow softening), if thick and viscous is ge- 

 latinoid softening. If the exudate becomes organized into 

 fibrous material it is a connective tissue sclerosis or a cica- 

 trix. If the softening exudate becomes purulent it constitutes 

 a cerebral abscess. Cerebral abscess is especially common as 

 secondary abscess in strangles or contagious rhino-adenitis in the 

 horse, but may occur as the result of the presence of any pyo- 

 genic germ. 



Diagnosis. While there is a certain similarity to rabies, the 

 horse with encephalo-meningitis is distinguished by the absence 

 of the extreme hypersesthesia and irritability, of the persistent 

 neighing and squealing, , of the rapid alterations of the voice, 

 hoarse and shrill, of the hallucinations, as following imaginary 

 objects with the^ eyes, of the readiness to attack with teeth or 

 heels when in any way disturbed or excited, of the disposition to 

 get violently excited when a dog is brought near, or in the case 

 of a stallion to show generative excitement. 



From cerebral congestion it is to be distinguished by the 

 greater severity of the paroxysms, or the deeper character of the 

 stupor, but above all by the presence of the hyperthermia and 

 other indications of fever. 



Immobility which presents the symptoms of drowsiness, 

 stupor and hebetude, is also unattended by fever, or anorexia, 

 shows a healthy condition of the functions of respiration, diges- 

 tion and assimilation and a restful condition when left quiet 

 and still. 



The cerebral excitement that sometimes appears in influenza is 

 really an encephalitis complication, but its specific cause is 

 recognized in the local prevalence of the infectious disorder, and 

 the inflammatory or catarrhal condition of the mucous membranes. 



The diagnostic manifestations of meningitis and encephalitis 

 respectively are given under symptoms. 



Symptoms in Cattle. In cattle encephalo-meningitis super- 

 venes on congestion, and sometimes comes on abruptly in con- 

 nection with traumatic injuries, acute gastric disorder, lead- 



