122 Veterinary Medicine. 



The more severe forms are ushered in by violent trembling, or 

 by stupor, apathy, and extreme muscular weakness, or actual 

 paralysis. In such cases the animal may stagger or fall. Dys- 

 phagia or inability to swallow is often a marked symptom, the 

 saliva falling in strings from the lips. Another common phe- 

 nomenon is the rigid contraction of the muscles of the neck, back 

 and loins, the parts becoming tender to the touch and a more or 

 less prominent oposthotonos setting in. Twitching of the mus- 

 cles of the shoulders and flanks may be noticed. Trismus also 

 is sometimes seen. The breathing is usually rapid and catch- 

 ing and the temperature 104° to 106°. The pulse may be ac- 

 celerated and hard, or weak and soft, or alternating. The eyes 

 are violently congested, of a brownish or yellowish red color, 

 and the eyeballs may be turned to one side. Paroxysms of de- 

 lirium may set in, when the animal will push against the wall, 

 or perform any of the disorderly movements described under 

 meningo-encephalitis. Sooner or later coma and paralysis super- 

 vene, and death occurs in from five to forty-eight hours. In the 

 most acute (fulminant) cases the animal falls and dies in convul- 

 sions. On an average the disease lasts from eight to fifteen days. 

 In the more favorable cases, without any supervention of coma, 

 recovery may begin on the third or fourth day. 



Symptoms in the Ox. These are largely those of encephalo- 

 meningitis. If they do not come on with the customary violence, 

 there may be at first difiiculty in prehension, mastication and 

 swallowing of food ; a rigid condition of the muscles of the neck, 

 back, and sometimes of the jaws, and twitching of the muscles of 

 the limbs, neck, lips, or eyes. For a time there may be hyperses- 

 thesia, restlessness and irritability, stamping of the feet or shaking 

 of the head, then there is liable to follow, dullness, apathy, stupor, 

 coma and paralysis. As in the horse, the distinction from ordi- 

 nary encephalo-meningitis will at times rest on the prevalence of 

 the epizootic disease in the locality. 



Symptoms in Sheep. The attack is described as coming on 

 with weakness, dullness, lethargy, salivation, convulsions, opos- 

 thotonos, grinding of the teeth, succussions of the body and 

 limbs, heat of the head, and stupor or paralysis unless death 

 ensues during a paroxysm. The congestion of the head and of 

 the encephalic mucous membranes, and the deviation of the eyes 



