Cerebro- spinal Meningitis. 123 



are constant features. Wischnikewitsch describes an extended 

 outbreak in sheep in which the brain lesions were complicated by 

 hepatization of the lungs, and bacilli were found in the various 

 exudates. This reminds one of the presently accepted cause in 

 man, which is, however, a micrococcus rather than a bacillus. 



Symptoms iti Dogs. These are described as some aberration 

 of the senses, which gradually merges into stupor, coma and 

 paralysis. While the animal is able to keep on his feet he sways 

 and staggers, runs uncpnsciously against objects, or walks in a 

 circle. There is heat of the head, injected eyes, sometimes 

 drawn back or squinting, oposthotonos, and general spasms oc- 

 curring in paroxysms. The duration of the disease is about the 

 same as in the horse. 



Differential Diagnosis. From other forms of meningitis this is 

 easily distinguished. Fulminant cases almost all belong to this 

 type, the fact of the coincident iniplication of brain and spinal 

 cord is strongly suggestive of this form, and the occurrence of 

 many cases at once, without any demonstrable toxic or thermic 

 cause, is tolerably conclusive. From tetanus there is this added 

 distinction, that the disease does not set in so slowly, the spasms 

 of the neck and . back are not so persistent, and stupor sets in 

 early, in a way that is unknown in lockjaw. Rabies is recognized 

 by the slow onset, the characteristic prodromata, the mischievous 

 disposition, the depraved appetite, and by the history of its local 

 prevalence. Tubercular meningitis in cattle has a similar asso- 

 ciation with tuberculous animals in the same family or herd, and 

 often by the local indications of tubercle elsewhere, emaciation, 

 unthriftiness, cough, flocculent and gritty nasal discharge, en- 

 larged lymph glands, pharyngitis, mammary disease. 



Treatment. With a disease so iatal prevention should be the first 

 consideration and especially when it appears in an enzootic form. 

 Even in the absence of a definite knowledge of its germ or toxin, it 

 is logical to avoid the locality, condition, food or water by which 

 such germ or toxin has presumably entered the system, together 

 with every unhygienic condition, which may have reduced the re- 

 sistance of the system and laid it open to the attack. The animals 

 should be removed to a clean, airy, building and the old one 

 should be thoroughly emptied, purified and whitewashed, the 

 lime-wash containing 4 ozs. of chloride of lime, or i dr, of mer- 



