Physical Properties of the Urine.- 197 



may become opaque from floating .'oil globules, apart from the 

 classic chylliria. 



Pig : Fed on raw fresli vegetables the urine is clear, but if on 

 cooked or dried vegetables, and especially if nitrogenous, it rnay i 

 show opacity. ' ■• •.' ; 



Pathblogical ; The horse's urine -is .Jimpid and acid in',' 

 polyuria, ; limpid and alkaline or neutral, with modified phos- *• 

 phate^.- It may be morbidly turbid from excess of lime phosphate 

 or sulphate, urea or other acid salts, exudates, leucocytes or pus. 

 These usually indicate nephritis. Mucus and mu'co-purulent 

 exudate suggest. pyelitis or pelvic nephritis. Blood elements 

 indicate nephritis, cystitis or urethritis. Debris of kidney tissue 

 may indicate tuberculosis,; tumors, etc. 



Turbidity in other animals than solipeds is abnormal : examine 

 the urine. 



Consistency of Urine.- Morbid urine" may be gluey, sizy, 

 syrupy, mucous, oily. If a horse's urine is scanty a slight 

 siziness may, be normar and due to tenacious mucus from the 

 pglvis of the kidney, and from the solution of mucin and epi- 

 .thelium in £iie alkaline fluid. Viscous, sizy, stringy, and 

 tarry (pitchy) urine is found in pyelitis, pyelo- nephritis, or 

 cystic catarrh, but not in polyuria owing to the presence of the 

 solvent acid. 



Odor of Urine. This is gpmewhat aromatic in horse and 

 ox, disagreeable in the dog, and repulsively heavy in the 

 cat. With polyuria the odor i^ less. If the urine has been re- 

 tained and fermented it is ammoniacal, if there are ulcers or 

 tumors it is foetid, in diabetes it smells. of acetone, after 

 taking turpentine it has a violet odor, and after phenic acid, 

 camphor, ether and other drugs it Is variously modified. 



Specific Gravity of Urine in ratio to water 1060 : 



In the horse the urine may be looi to loio.in polyuria, in 

 chronic interstitial nephritis, and in a crisis of fever attended by 



