GENERAI. SYMPTOMS OF URINARY DISEASE. 



External symptoms, arched bacV, stiff gait, straining, tender loins, back- 

 ing, turning, dropping under weight, urine checked, dribbled ; in dogs and 

 cats, palpation of kidney ; bladder, urethra, pains in different animals. In- 

 ternal symptoms, rectal exploration, vaginal, urethral, straining, ureters, 

 bladder, calculi, neoplastns, prostate, urethritis. 



External Symptoms. With inflammatory or painful affec- 

 tions of the urinary organs the animal tends to roach the back 

 or loins, tuck up the abdomen, move the hind limbs stiffly and 

 with a straddling gait, protract and withdraw the .penis which 

 may be semi -erect, retract and drop the testicles ' alternately, 

 and stretch himself and strain to pass urine without success. 

 Lying down and rising may be accomplished with marked 

 effort and groaning. The loins along the spines or beneath the 

 outer ends of the transverse processes may prove tender to tapping 

 or pinching, the aniinal drooping to excess. Backing or turning 

 in a narrow circle ■ may be accomplished awkwardly' and stiffly 

 though usually more easily than with lumbar sprain. The 

 animal drops when moupted but less than with sprained back. 

 Urine may be passed in excess or in dimihishedamount, or it may, 

 be entirely suppressed. It may be abruptly interrupted when in 

 full stream, suggesting calculus or polypus, or it may be passed 

 often in mere driblets, or finally it may ooze away constantly 

 partly lodging in the sheath and .partly trickling down the thighs. 



In dogs or cats with flaccid walls of the abdomen external 

 manipulation may detect in the kidneys, differences in; size, posi- 

 tion, and tenderness as well as the presence of tumors. The dis- 

 tended bladder also may be distinctly felt, and the pyrifornj area of 

 flatness oh percussion will serve to map out its size and outline. 



In the horse the urethra is superficial and easily traced over 

 the ischiatic arch and for some distance downward, when it' be- 

 comes deeper and is less easily felt. .In the bull the urethra is 

 .deep over the ischiatic arch but becomes more superficial lower 

 down and can be easily felt at the sigmoid flexure and below. In 

 sheep and dog it is easily followed from the ischium to the end of 

 the penis. 



As a rule the penis is easily drawn from its sheath in the hors'e 

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