Acute Congestion of the Kidneys in Solipeds. 213 



literally dropping blood, though brownish spots may appear at 

 intervals representing areas of necrosis, which under pressure 

 break down into a pulpy debris. Microscopically the glomeruli 

 appear hsemorrhagic, the capillary vessels being gorged to ex- 

 cess, while blood globules and even minute blood clots are found 

 in the intervascular spaces. The epithelium covering the glom- 

 eruli and lining the convoluted tubes show granular or fatty 

 changes, and granular matter is found outside the vessels. 



The congestion is less in the medullary portion and even in 

 the convoluted tubes and the tubes of Henle, though these may 

 be the seat both of hyperasmia and exudation . 



In case of very violent congestion, extensive sanguineous ex- 

 travasation may occur, leading eyen to rupture of the capsule 

 and the escape of blood into the perirenal adipose tissue or into 

 the abominal cavity. Cases of this kind in the soliped are re- 

 corded by Caroni, Cadeac, Moussu, Kitt, Zundel, MoUereau and 

 Porcher. Averons describes in 'Cos. Revue Veterinaire (1897) a 

 case in which both kidneys were surrounded by an immense 

 black clot, and weighed no less than 36 lbs. lycblanc records a 

 similar case affecting the one kidney. The mass measured about 

 10 inches by 8. 



Symptoms. These are liable to appear suddenly, often while 

 the patient is at work, and are manifested by weakness in the 

 loins, slow gait or sudden stopping, the hind limbs are held in 

 abduction, and advanced with apparent stiffness and pain. There 

 is much excitement and anxiety, the face is pinched and strained, 

 the respiration accelerated, the pulse hard, tense and rapid, and 

 the eyes or nose may be turned toward the flank or loins. There 

 may be colicy pains, with uneasy movements of the tail and hind 

 limbs, pawing, and even lying down and rolling. The visible 

 mucosae are strongly injected and in bad cases the skin may be 

 drenched with sweat. There is at first little or no hyperthermia. 



At first there may be no micturition but in an hour or 'more, 

 urine may be discharged in excess, sometimes as much as 25 quarts, 

 and of a low specific gravity (looi to 1005). If there has been 

 no blood extravasation it is usually clear and limpid but with ex- 

 travasation it may be of all shades of pink or red to black. In 

 the latter case the suffering is liable to be acute (Cadeac), and 

 contrary to the condition in hsemoglobinuria, the urine contains 



