2i8 Veterinary Medicine. 



matters. Cattle turned out in early spring should be fed 

 before going and should be returned from the pasture in an 

 hour or two. This repeated day by day, allows the digestive 

 and urinary organs to accommodate themselves to the fresh 

 spring grass and to any vegetation to which the animals have 

 not been accustomed. Chill, draughts, injuries and other dis- 

 turbing conditions must be guarded against. 



Treatment. Bleeding is strongly recommended by Cruzel and 

 Cadeac. In Germany, England and America derivation toward 

 the digestive organs is more generally relied on. I,axatives 

 should be, as in the horse, oleaginous (castor, olive, linseed) or 

 manna, rather than agents that may perchance act on the kid- 

 neys. Free purgation should be secured. Flaxseed tea, and 

 wet compresses over the loins are valuable adjuncts, and anodyne 

 agents like camphor, bromide of camphor, or other bromides 

 may be added, and when there is any suspicion of infection, salicy- 

 lates, or iodide of potassium may be employed. Finally a 

 course of bitters (salicin, quinine, nux, ) may be employed to re- 

 store tone and iron carbonate with sodium carbonate as a recon- 

 structive tonic. The diet must be changed to wholesome food, 

 but not too stimulating, and the animal kept quiet. 



ACUTE CONGESTION OP THE KIDNEYS IN SHEEP 



AND GOAT. 



Causes : irritant food. Lesions : Symptoms : separates from its fellows, 

 arched back, stiff straddling gait.straining, muscular weakness, recumbency, 

 urine red, with blood globules and albumen. Prevention : care in feeding 

 and watering, change of pasture and treatment as in the ox. 



Causes. As in cattle, the smaller ruminants appear to suffer 

 especially from an alimentary renal congestion, showing itself 

 mainly in animals that are unaccustomed to the particular 

 toxic aliment. Thus, Cornevin finds that the Pyrennean sheep 

 thrives on the leaves of the Quercus tosa, while Southdown sheep 

 taking them in any considerable quantity perish of renal congestion 

 or nephritis. Similarly Weith fed four sheep on cynauchum 

 vincetoxicum aud developed renal congestion in the course of 



