Acute Congestion of the Kidneys in Swine. 219 



three days. Other causes doubtless contribute in individual 

 cases but have not been specially traced to their effects. 



Lesions are in the main the same as in cattle, the kidneys 

 being bluish red, soft, flaccid and friable. 



Symptoms. The sheep lags behind the flock, frequently lies 

 down and rises, strains to urinate, and passes often considerable 

 quantities. The back is arched, the loins tender, the walk stiff 

 and straddling, the pulse small and weak-. If the disease ad- 

 vances, there come on extreme muscular weakness, a disposition 

 to lie, an uncertain, gait, with frequent stumbling, dullness, 

 stupor, and it may be coma. The urine is usually tinged with 

 blood or of a deep red or black, and contains well-formed blood 

 globules and more or less albumen. 



Prevention a7id treatment should proceed on the same lines as 

 in the ox, but in dealing with a large herd it becomes diffcult to 

 treat each separate case with special care. The avoidance of 

 sudden change of food as in turning out in spring, the feeding of 

 grain before turning out, the return to the fold after a short 

 freedom, and the gradual transition to the new food are im- 

 portant. When the disease has developed, an entire change of 

 pasture or food, the use of roots, ensilage, or grain, or of freshly 

 cut meadow grass, and an oleaginous laxative (castor oil 2 to 3 

 ozs.) are indicated. Oilcake or flaxseed meal will often prove 

 a most valuable article. Beyond this the same agents would be 

 indicated as for the ox. 



ACUTE CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS IN SWINE. 



Causes : infection, toxins, fermented food, traumas, crowding, cold. 

 Symptoms : stifi loins and quarters, frequent micturition, urine limpid or 

 red. Treatment. 



Renal congestion in pigs has been seen mainly as the result of 

 toxin poisoning in swine erysipelas, hog cholera or caseous pneu- 

 monia. It is also liable to occur from putrid or overfermented 

 food, and in fat, heavy animals from injuries sustained in ship- 

 ping by rail by trampling on or squeezing each other. Kicks 

 and other injuries may at times contribute to its occurrence. 



