220 Veterinary Medicine. 



Exposure to cold storms, to which swine are especially sensitive, 

 a wet, cold bed, or a leaky roof, are additional causes. 



The Symptoms are more or less stiffness of the loins and hind 

 parts, frequent urination, the secretion being often passed in ex- 

 cess, and though at times clear yet at others pink and bloody and 

 precipitating blood clots or at least containing blood globules. 



Treatment is mainly prophylatic. If therapeutic measures are 

 desirable for valuable animals, they should follow the same lines 

 as for sheep : rest, fomentation, aqueous food, anodynes, weak 

 alkaline diuretics, laxatives, and balsams. 



CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS IN CARNIVORA. 



Causes : acrid diuretics, loss of kidney, catheterization, dermatitis, burns, 

 traumas, overexertion. Lesions : enlarged, blood- gorged kidney, Ted or 

 black, petechiated. Symptoms : stiff, arched, tender loins, tardy, dragging 

 of hind limbs, urine passed often, clear to bloody, albuminous, anorexia, 

 nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dullness, stupor. Treatment : stop cause, give 

 emetic, laxative, in surgical cases antiseptic, for cantharides, camphor, 

 bromides, vegetable food. Warm clothing or building. 



Causes. This comes most commonly from the ingestion of acrid 

 or diuretic agents, saltpeter, turpentine oil, cantharides and, 

 according to Cadeac, various essential oils including oil of mus- 

 tard. It takes place in the remaining kidney after the one has 

 been extirpated, or had its functions abolished by disease or 

 uretral obstruction. Again, surgical operations on the urinary 

 organs, even the simple passing of a catheter, will cause sym- 

 pathetic renal congestion. Extensive acute dermatitis, and burns 

 of the skin may have a similar sequence. 



Falls, kicks, blows, or crushing beneath a wheel or otherwise 

 are additional causes. 



Finally violent overexertion as in coursing, causes congestion 

 with albuminuria, and blood globules and even, casts in the urine. 

 This is common to the human athlete (who undergoes a violent 

 and continued over exertion), also in race and draught horses, and 

 dogs. 



Lesions. When congestion is produced experimentally by can- 

 tharides the kidneys are found to be enlarged and the cortex 

 gorged with blood so that it has a deep red or blackish port wine 



