Nephritis. 221 



hue, with here and there spots of ecclymosis. The veins capil- 

 laries and glomeruli are especially congested, and the epithelial 

 cells of the convoluted tubes have become laterally distended, so 

 that they approximate to a globular form. A loose coagulum 

 containing blood globules may be found in the capsule of the 

 glomerulus and in the convoluted tubes. 



Symptoms. These are arching and stiffness of the loins, a 

 tardy, dragging movement of the hind limbs and tenderness of 

 the loins. The urine may be scanty or in excess, and tends to 

 be passed frequently, in small quantities and with evidence of 

 pain. It may be clear, pinkish or bloody, and shows albumen 

 and frequently casts, and blood globules or small clots. There 

 is some impairment of appetite, and, in severe cases, nausea and 

 vomiting, with, it may be, diarrhoea, nervous depression, dull- 

 ness and stupor. When due to poison or other transient cause 

 the symptoms improve when this factor has been stopped. 



Treatment. When due to poison taken by the stomach this 

 must be stopped, and the stomach and bowels evacuated by 

 an emetic (ipecacuan) and laxative (sodium sulphate). Appro- 

 priate treatment must be made in case of burns or skin eruptions. 

 When surgical cases are due to infection rather than simple 

 shock or sympathetic irritation, antiseptic injections of the 

 bladder are indicated. In all cases alike a warm bath is an im- 

 portant adjunct. When irritation is due to cantharides, it may 

 be calmed by camphor, 2 grains every three or four hours. 

 Other anodynes may be given as required. Rest is essential and, 

 as appetite is recovered, a moderate amount of amylaceous pud- 

 dings. A warm building or comfortable clothing is desirable. 



NEPHRITIS. 



The renal inflammations have not been fully investigated in the 

 domestic animals, and even in man, the pathology of several of 

 the forms is still enveloped in some measure of doubt. In man 

 the following conditions have been noted : 



ist. Acute parenchymatous nephritis with enlarged kidney and 

 degenerated tubules. 



