226 Veterinary Medicine. 



which the homogeneous cast is impregnated with granular cells 

 and free graflules of proteid, fatty, or mineral matter, point 

 directly to inflammation affecting the uriniferous tubules and 

 their epithelial lining : — blood casts enclosing red blood globules 

 imply hemorrhage, or congestion or inflammation of the tubules, 

 with blood extravasation or diapedesis : — casts containing 

 leucocytes and pus cells bespeak suppurative inflammation of 

 the tubules : — calcareous casts entangle numerous crystals and 

 granules, mainly of lime carbonate, and effervesce with acetic 

 acid : — hyaline casts are homogeneous, clear, so transparent 

 that it is sometimes necessary to stain them with iodine or ani- 

 line to make them distinct ; they are found in nephritis and 

 especially in the chronic forms : — colloid casts or waxy casts, 

 or amyloid casts may designate a class of firmer cylinders, 

 clear, homogeneous and refractive, and often bearing fatty or 

 blood globules, crystals or fungi. They may have a yellow 

 color, or they may give the amyloid mahogany reaction with the 

 iodo-potassic iodide solution (even in the absence of amyloid de- 

 generation of the kidney ; Jaksch). 



Progress. Acute nephritis may advance for three days or more 

 and then terminate in resolution, or go on to complete anuria 

 with coma, to suppuration, gangrene or chronic nephritis. 



Resolution is marked by general improvement of pulse, 

 breathing and expression, clearing of the urine, and return of 

 appetite. The urine may remain albuminous for eight days 

 longer. 



Complete suppression of urine has persisted five days in 

 cattle (Funk), and seven days in horses (Friedberger), accom- 

 panied by intense fever, dullness, stupor and coma ending in 

 death from uraemia. 



Purulent urine is white, milky, albuminous, granular, with 

 epithelial cells and casts and pus cells, showing their double nuclei 

 with acetic acid. There are usually rigor, hyperthermia (io6° 

 F.), thirst, intetmittent colics, diarrhoea, perspiration, uncertain 

 walk, and stocked legs. Convulsions have been noticed in the 

 horse (Didie), cow (Pflug) and bitch (Trasbot). The horse may 

 turn in a circle (Friedberger) or have amaurosis (Didie). Death 

 usually occurs in two weeks, 



Gangrene is likely to prove fatal. Berger has seen death oc- 



