Pyelitis. Pyelo-nephritis . Inflammation of the Renal Pelvis. 233 



puncture will detect the presence of the pus. Fluctuation can 

 rarely be detected, yet in small animals with very flaccid ab- 

 domen, the swollen, tender kidney and even fluctuation should 

 be detected at times. The history of the case, the low, damp 

 pasturage, the access to acrid plants, the alimentation with hay 

 or grain covered with cryptogams, the fact of an injury and the 

 low, weak, anaemic condition of the animal should contribute to 

 a satisfactory diagnosis. 



Lesions. In bovine kidneys affected in this way we have found 

 general inflammation and exudation around the entire kidney and 

 inside the capsule, with numerous small abscesses, in many 

 instances communicating with each other. They may extend 

 through the capsule and invade surrounding organs. 



Treatment. In the treatment of cases of this kind the general 

 principles of therapeutics for nephritis are about all that can be 

 attempted in the lower animals. Fomentations over the loins are 

 especially desirable as a means of relieving the suffering, and 

 moderating inflammatory action. To the same end is the allow- 

 ance of plenty of pure water as a diluent. Then the various 

 agents that antagonize suppuration may be thought of, and some 

 one selected for use. Beside the antisuppurants already men- 

 tioned one may use copiaba, cubebs, or turpentine in small doses, 

 salicylates, or the sulphide or sulphite of calcium. Surgical inter- 

 ference by puncture or incision and antiseptic irrigation can only 

 be thought of when the abscess is single and circumscribed ; never 

 when the whole periphery of the organ is involved. In the latter 

 case the only rational surgery would be the desperate resort of the 

 removal of the entire kidney. 



PYEIvlTlS. PYEI/0-NEPHRlTlS. INFIyAMMATlON OF 

 THE RENAI. PELVIS. 



Definition. Causes : primary from vegetable irritants in food, toxins, 

 cryptogams, pelvic calculus, strongylus gigas ; secondary from renal calcu- 

 lus, parasite, tubular uretral or vesical infection, infecting deposits, metasta- 

 sis. Symptoms : as in nephritis, pus, blood, or albumen in urine, tender, 

 arched loins, purulent polyuria, with spheroidal epithelium. Diagnosis. 

 Lesions: inflammation, calculus, etc., in pelvis. Treatment: pure water, 

 sodium bicarbonate, antiseptics, balsams, fomentations, piperazin, extraction 

 of calculus. 



