240 Veterinary Medicine. 



sies, anaemia, and weakness, irritability of the heart, , and pal- 

 pitations on slight exertion. So long as the heart's action is 

 strong, elimination may be maintained and life prolonged for 

 months (in cow, Dickinson), or years (FriedbergerandFrohner).. 

 When the heart's action becomes weak, elimination is rendered 

 imperfect and the animal shows catarrh of the lungs or bowels 

 (common in dogs), local inflammation of the lungs, pleura or 

 pericardium, or oedemas, or haemorrhages. The toxic effect on 

 the nerve centres is shown by stupor or lethargy, or vertigo. 

 When an abscess forms it is associated with a temporary rise of 

 temperature (Trasbot). The patient may die in convulsions, in a 

 state of coma, or by gradually advancing debility and failure of 

 the heart. 



Lesions. In cases of comparatively short standing the kidney 

 is usually of full size, or somewhat enlarged, with firmly ad- 

 herent capsule and rough or even nodular surface. The surface 

 of the cortex may be red or grayish or parti- colored, pink and 

 gray. The cortical portion is firm and it may even be attenuated 

 somewhat, while the medullary portion, naturally lighter, has . 

 often grayish streaks converging toward the hilus. When the 

 gray streaks are scraped with the knife a serous fluid, mixed with 

 fatty granules or- globules, is obtained. The glomeruli piay be 

 still about the normal size with some increase of the epithelial 

 tuft cells. The tubules contain casts (colloid, hyaline, granular), 

 and their epithelium normally columnar, are flattened down to 

 cubes and are swollen, granular or fatty. 



In cases of older standing the connective tissue has usually 

 undergone a marked increase. The capsule is thick, dense and 

 adherent. The cortical substance is shrunken with a great in- 

 crease of the fibrous elements, and the same holds true of the 

 medullary portion. In consequence of this, even in the cortical 

 substance the white or gray color predominates. The parenchy- 

 matous tissue (glomeruli, tubules) have greatly shrunken. In 

 connection with the contraction of the forming fibrous hyper- 

 plasia, there is a general shrinkage of the kidney in size, it may 

 be to one-half its original volume. Trasbot reports a case of 

 nephritis, of 8 months standing, in the dog, with a kidney half the 

 normal size. In the end the parenchyma may have practically 

 disappeared, and the kidney may have shrunken to a small, firm. 



