Renal Calculus. 249 



(35-9° C). Witli hepatic complication there was greater weak- 

 ness, giddiness, and higher temperature (39.6° C). Urine is com- 

 monly increased (in man albuminous) and the casts have shown 

 the amyloid reaction. They tend to be fatty or finely granular. 

 Casts may, however, show amyloid reaction when the kidney, 

 post-mortem, does not (Jaksch*). 



Diagnosis from Bright's disease is often impossible. 



Treatment is essentially the same as in chronic nephritis, and is 

 not hopeful. 



Trasbot recommends KI 3 to 7 grs., or tinct of iodine 3 drops 

 for shepherd dog. Ol. terebinth and alkaline diuretics are also 

 commended. 



RENAIv CAIvCUIvUS. 



This is much more common than is supposed. Small calculi 

 formed in the tubuli uriniferi of cattle on dry Winter feeding often 

 pass without recognition, and habitually disappear on rich spring 

 and summer grass. 



If retained in the pelvis until increasing size forbids their pas- 

 sage through the ureter they form pelvic calculi. 



If retained in the bladder so that they cannot enter the urethra 

 they form cystic calculi. 



Pelvic calculi or concretions are often (in cattle and swine) mere 

 scales lying in chalices. They may fill the whole pelvis and send 

 branching processes into chalices. 



Causes. They are attributed to phosphaturia, lithsemia or uric 

 acid diathesis, oxaluria, etc. In cattle they are associated with dry 

 feeding and are common on all magnesian limestone soils. There 

 are usually catarrh of the kidney and the presence of bacterial fer- 

 ments and colloids (pus, albumen, etc.). (Sharing and Ord.) 

 Calculi or gravel is preceded by renal catarrh, but this is aggra- 

 vated by the crystalline deposit. Bacteria act also in producing 

 NH3O, which instantly precipitates ammonio-magnesian phos- 

 phate. Retention of urine greatly favors the precipitation. 



Symptoms. A white or brownish yellow deposit in the last urine 

 discharged collects on the floor. Cloudy urine. Passage of crys- 

 tals — ^round — or angular. Colic. Lameness in one or both hind 



