2 5© Veterinary Medicine. 



limbs. Arched back. Sensitive loins. Pain paroxysmal. Attempts 

 to urinate. I^ittle passed but often with drops of blood. Sudden 

 relief when the calculus enters the bladder. 



Retained in the kidney it may cause no suffering in meat pro- 

 ducing animals, but in horses it usually causes stiffness or lame- 

 ness especially under violent effort. Also hematuria ; blood glob- 

 ules are found in the deposit when placed under the microscope. 

 There may be sepsis and specially cloudy offensive urine. 



Diagnosis : May be confounded with renal tuberculosis, or sar- 

 coma or oxaluria. Examine for bacillus, small cells, or oxalate of 

 lime or oxalic acid. 



Prophylaxis. In the early stages give succulent, watery food, 

 ensilage, roots, potatoes, spring grass, and water ad libitum. 



Treatment. Salt may tempt the patient to drink. Nitro-muri- 

 atic acid is a solvent and antiseptic. Or alkalies with salicylate 

 of soda. Also tonics. Quiet pain by morphia and other anodynes. 

 Use piperazine. 



These failing, an operation on the kidney may be considered. 



HYDRO-NEPHROS I S . 



A common result of calculus or other obstruction, causing in- 

 creasing pressure of urine in the pelvis and absorption of the 

 parenchyma, and finally leaving a mere urinous sac. 



RENAL TUMORS. 



1 . Non-malignant : Fibroma. 



lyipoma. 

 Angioma. 

 Adenoma. 

 Papilloma. 



2. Malignant : Sarcoma. 



Carcinoma. 



RENAL PARASITES. 



Echinococcus : Herbivora, Omnivora. 

 Bilharzia Crassa : Egyptian cattle. 

 Strongylus Gigas : Horse, ox, dog, man. 

 (Cysticercus TenuicoUis : Ruminants : Pig). 

 Taenia serrata : ' Dog. Pelvis. 



