RUPTURE AND I^ACERATION OF THE BI^ADDER. 



This occurs most commonly in oxen from obstruction of the 

 urethra by a calculus. Similar obstruction in the horse causes 

 most acute symptoms, calling for immediate relief, and rupture is a 

 comparatively rare occurrence. Peuch mentions a case resulting 

 from a fall during an attack of colic, and with a full bladder. It 

 has happened during lithotrity, or lithotomy, and even during 

 parturition. Perforation by parasites has been noted and in one 

 case by an osseous tumor of the pubic symphysis. In horses a 

 fatal result is prompt, in cattle from 6 to 48 days. 



Treatment surgical. 



EVERSION OF THE BLADDER. 



This is really invagination into the female urethra and vagina. 

 It has only been seen in mares, and then by reason of the ex- 

 treme dilatability of the urethra. A pyriform, red, perhaps ru- 

 gose tumor shows between the lips of the vulva, during strain- 

 ing. It is covered by mucosa, and on its upper surface near to 

 its neck are two small orifices from which urine oozes or comes 

 in jets during active expulsive efforts. It soon becomes muco- 

 purulent on the surface, and even excoriated. Urine escaping 

 continuously trickles down the thighs with much foetor. It 

 occurs especially during violent expulsive efforts as in parturition 

 or constipation. 



Treatment essentially surgical consists in uniform compression 

 to expel blood and exudate followed by the pushing of the 

 fundus through the bladder and urethra. The more recent the 

 case, the easier is the process. Pressecq claims to have cured an 

 obstinately recurring case, by cauterizing the urethra up to the 

 cervix vesicae with a round iron rod an inch in diameter. The 

 resulting loss of substance, with the neoplasia and constriction 

 effectually prevented renewed eversion even during parturition. 

 Other veterinarians have successfully excised the bladder, but 

 this entailed incontinence and constant offensive soaking of the 

 thighs with urine. 



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