268 Veterinary Medicine. 



Catheterization in the Bovine Male. Most veterinarians 

 suppose that this is impossible, owing to the narrowness of the 

 sheath interfering with the extraction of the penis, and the S 

 shaped curve in the penis preventing the introduction of the 

 catheter. Both obstacles can, however, be overcome in many- 

 cases. The bull may be tempted to protrude the penis by the 

 presentation of a cow in heat, or in bull or ox the bulging 

 anterior part of the organ may be protruded by careful manipula- 

 tion through the sheath. Then the free extension of the penis 

 can be made to efface the S shaped curve. The catheter must be 

 small, not much over a line in caliber, and a metal stilet is em- 

 ployed. The animal may have to be placed under restraint, and 

 the same antiseptic precautions are demanded as in the horse. 



Catheterization in the Ram and Wether. These must be 

 dealt with like the bull, the only additional difficulty being in the 

 vermiform appendix. This is small and sinuous but the longitudi- 

 nal opening on its lower surface is favorable to the introduction 

 of the catheter. 



Catheterization in the Dog. The fact that the urethra 

 traverses the groove on the lower aspect of the bone of the penis, 

 is held to prove an obstacle to the catheter, yet the introduction 

 of the later is in no sense difficult. Small or moderately sized 

 dogs, may be held upright, the body resting on the rump and the 

 pelvis inclined forward, which will favor the spontaneous pro- 

 trusion of the penis. Or it may be pressed out by manipulation 

 through the sheath. The catheter Yi ds. to i line in diameter 

 may be i^ to 2 feet in length according to the size of the animal. 

 It should be used aseptic. 



Catheterization of the Mare. Nothing can be easier than 

 this operation in the mare. The shortness and dilatability of the 

 urethra, and the accessibility of its external orifice in the center 

 of the floor of the vulva, 4 or 5 inches in front of the lower commis- 

 sure, favors the introduction of the catheter. The latter may be a 

 foot in length, perfectly straight and it may be constructed of silver 

 or some other metal, which may be readily boiled and rendered 

 aseptic. In the absence of a catheter the germ free nozzle of a rectal 

 syringe may be used, or two fingers may be passed through the 

 urethra" and parted from each other so as to allow the exit of the 

 urine. 



