Acute Prostatitis and Hyperemia of the Prostate. 269 



Catheterization of the Cow and Heifer. The operation is 

 often very difi&cult in the cow, by reason of the small size and un- 

 dilatability of the urethra, and by the presence of two blind ducts 

 (canals of Goertnef) above and to the two sides of the urethral 

 opening. The thin rigid upper margin of the orifice projects 

 down over it in a valvular manner so that the catheter will almost 

 always find its way into one of the bhnd sacs. By introducing 

 the tip of the index finger beneath the valvular fold and into the 

 opening of the canal, the catheter may be directed beneath it and 

 into the bladder. An apparatus consisting of a series of ribs of 

 spring wire arranged in the form of a funnel and converging at 

 one end to a point has been devised to insert into the urethral 

 orifice, and guide the catheter which is passed through it. A 

 metallic catheter cut off obhquely at its point will enter easily. 



Catheterization of the Bitch. The operation is rendered 

 difficult by the narrowness of the passage, and the puckers and 

 folds of the vaginal mucosa which serve to hide the urethral ori- 

 fice. A small catheter like that used on the male is used or a 

 short metallic catheter may be substituted. By directing this 

 forward exactly in the median line of the floor of the vulva, 

 with gentle pressure downward it may be made to enter the 

 urethra. In caseof special diflSculty a bivalve speculum may be 

 resorted to, to efface the mucous folds and reveal the orifice. 



ACUTE PROSTATITIS AND HYPEREMIA OF THE 



PROSTATE. 



Causes : In dogs, house life, overfeeding, compulsory retention of urine, 

 and faeces, constipation, proctitis (rectitis), piles, calculi, strangury, uric 

 acid, urethral ulceration or stricture, rude catheterization, chill, generative 

 excitement to excess, secondary abscess or infection. Forms. Lesions: fol- 

 licular, interstitial, circumscribed and diffuse suppuration. Symptoms : 

 frequent straining urination, rectal palpation, incontinence of urine, cos- 

 tiveness, tender perineum, dullness, recumbency, fever, pus in urine, col- 

 lapse of swelling, fistula. Diagnosis. Prognosis : grave. Ti eatment : lax- 

 atives, mercurials, salines, leeches, acid laxative, non-stimulating, camphor, 

 bromides, ergot, witch hazel, opium, belladonna, enemata of cold water, or 

 ice suppository, catheterization, perineal incision, anti-septics. 



Causes. This is most commonly seen in dogs, in which it may 



