Diseases of the Oviduct in Birds. 295 



epithelium, exudation into the mucosa with thickening, stenosis 

 of the tubes, the formation of cysts along the line of the 

 canal, with pink or straw colored contents, including fibrine, 

 leucocytes, epithelium and granular debris. As in oophoritis 

 there may be blood extravasations and clots and abscess. In 

 the cow they are at times calcified and create a suspicion of 

 tuberculosis. 



The symptoms are essentially those of metritis or ovaritis, 

 and as these are usually more prominent the attendant sal- 

 pingitis is generally overlooked during life. Careful rectal ex- 

 amination may detect the enlarged, tender or sacculated tubes. 

 Treatment may be laxative, diuretic, derivative, and antiseptic 

 toward the womb. Ablation of the ovaries, tubes and even the 

 womb is often required. 



DISEASES OP THE OVIDUCT IN BIRDS. 



Imperforate tube near cloaca. Polypus : snare and twist off. Egg im- 

 paction : from atony, inflammation, stricture, congenital smallness, ex- 

 haustion, large eggs, thick end first, broken egg. Symptoms : mopes 

 alone, feathers erect, wing and tail drooping, large, solid swelling around 

 anus and abdomen. Rupture into abdomen. Treatment : oil cloaca and 

 oviduct, manipulate, turn, break egg and scoop out, incise and extract, 

 antiseptic oils. Excision of ovary. 



Imperforate oviduct usually occurs in the lower part of its 

 course, the tube being connected with the cloaca by a short, 

 fibrous cord. In the case of a very valuable bird it may be in- 

 cised and the walls of the duct may be brought down and fixed 

 to those of the cloaca. 



Polypi of the oviduct may seriously impede laying, and start ob- 

 struction and impaction. The seat of the tumor having been as- 

 certained, it may be seized and twisted off by a snare. An 

 elastic wire is passed through a small metallic tube so that a loop' 

 protrudes large enough to pass over the pol5?pus. When fixed 

 around the pedicle, it is tightened, and the tissues twisted through. 



Egg Impaction in the Oviduct. From weakness or lack 

 of tone in the bird, by inflammation and loss of contractile power 

 in the oviduct, by stricture of the duct as a sequel of inflamma- 



