394 Veterinary Medicine. 



travasated blood especially in traumatic inj uries. In traumas, too, 

 the cornea and even the aqueous or vitreous humor may be 

 opaque. In cases resulting from exposure to cold or from inter- 

 nal causes, the media of the eye are at first clear and transparent. 

 The condition of the interior of the eye is usually to be learned . 

 by examining the patient as he stands facing the light from a 

 dark back ground. A stable door or window will afford the re- 

 quisite amount of rays falling from above and from each side 

 upon the interior of the eye. The observer looks indirectly or 

 obliquely and under favorable conditions can see the iris and 

 through the pupil. . If the pupil is unduly closed it may often be 

 dilated by instilling a few drops of a 5 per cent, solution of 

 atropia and waiting for fifteen or twenty minutes. 



The examination is made niore satisfactorily with a candle or 

 other single source of light in a dark chamber. If this light is 

 surrounded by a chimney opaque except at one side which is 

 directed toward the eye, the results are much more satisfactory. 

 Focal illumination with a biconvex lens, or oblique illumination 

 will show a swollen condition of the iris with uneven bulging 

 swellings at different points, and generally a lack of the clear 

 dark surface which marks the healthy iris-. It may be yellowish 

 or brownish, rather than dark, or blue, or yellow, but is always 

 duller than normal. The pupil may be contracted or dilated, but 

 is always uneven at the margin according to the degree of con- 

 gestion of the different portions. It may be quite immovable 

 under the stimulus of light and darkness, and is always sluggish 

 as compared with the healthy condition. To test this reflex 

 action, the one eye may be bandaged, and the other eye covered 

 with the palm of the hand for one or two minutes. When ex- 

 posed the pupil will be found to be widely dilated, and in the 

 healthy eye it will rapidly contract and dilate alternately until it 

 has reached a condition of adaptation to the intensity of the light 

 when it will remain immovable. With the inflamed iris these 

 contractions and dilatations will be lacking altogether, or they 

 will be sluggish and imperfect in various degrees according to 

 the intensity of the inflammation, the degree of congestion or 

 the tension of the liquid media of the eye. Restricted move- 

 ment may also be due to adhesion to the cornea, {^synechia an- 

 terior') or to the capsule of- the lens {synechia posterior) . 



