PHRYGANEIDAE 



475 



is large, but is nearly perpendicular in direction, and is much 

 concealed by the elongate, free front coxae, which repose against 

 it. The metathorax is intermediate in size between the pro- and 

 meso-thorax ; its side- pieces are rather large, but the sternum is 

 membranous, with a heart-shaped piece of more chitinous consist- 

 ence in the middle, entirely covered by the middle coxae. The 

 side-pieces both of the meso- and meta-thorax are large, and are 

 closely connected ; the middle and posterior coxae are very large, 

 elongate, and prominent, and the middle pair slope backwards, 

 so that their tips are in contact with the tips of the hind 

 pair. The abdomen is cylindric and rather slender ; it looks as if 

 formed of eight segments in addition to the terminal segment ; 

 this latter in the male usually bears remarkably modified 

 appendages. The first ventral plate is sometimes, if not always, 

 entirely membranous ; indeed the texture of the segments is in 

 general very delicate, so that they 

 shrivel up to an extent that renders 

 their comprehension from dried 

 specimens very difficult. The legs 

 are always elongate, the coxae attain- 

 ing in some forms a remarkable 

 length, and the tibiae and tarsi are 

 armed with many spines ; the tarsi 

 are five-jointed, slender, frequently 

 very elongate, terminated by two 

 large claws and an apparatus, 

 placed between them, consisting of 

 a pair of hair-Uke processes with a fig. 321 

 membranous lobe. 



The structure of the mouth-parts 

 of the Phryganeidae has given rise 

 to much difference of interpretation ; 

 it has recently been investigated by 

 E. Lucas ^ in connexion with Ana- 

 boliafurcata (Fig. 321). He agrees 

 with other observers that mandibles 

 are present in the pupa, but states 

 that no rudiment of them exists in the imago. He calls the 

 peculiar structure formed by the combination of the maxillae and 



1 Arch. Naturcjcs. lix. 1893, Band I. p 285. 



Front view of head of 

 Anabolia furcata after removal 

 of labrum. o, Ocellus ; an, base 

 of antenna ; an, eye ; cvi, cardo ; st, 

 stipe.s ; I, external lobe ; JJ<, sup- 

 port of palpus ; pm, palpus of 

 maxilla ; g, condyle of articulation 

 of the absent mandible ; ha, channel 

 of haustellum ; h, haustellum ; sp, 

 apex of channel of haustellum (not 

 explained by Lucas) ; ch, chitinous 

 point of external lobe of second 

 maxilla ; JJ?, labial palp. (After 

 Lucas.) 



