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NEUROPTERA 



labium a haustellmn. He looks on the Tiiclioptera as possess- 

 ing a mouth intermediate between the biting and sucking types 

 of Insect -mouths. He considers that the Phryganeidae take 

 food of a solid, as well as of a liquid, nature by means of the 

 haustellum, but the solid matter must be in the form of small 

 particles, and then is probably sucked up by the help of saliva 

 added to it. Lucas says also that in the larvae certain parts of 

 the salivary glands serve the function of spinning organs, and it 

 is from these that the salivary glands of the imago are formed ; 

 those salivary glands of the larva that are not spinning glands 

 disappearing entirely. 



The eggs are deposited in a singular manner ; they are ex- 

 truded in a mass surrounded by jelly ; there may be as many as 

 one hundred eggs in such a mass. This is sometimes carried 

 about by the female after its extrusion from the interior of the 

 body, but is finally confided to a suitable place in stream, spring, 

 or pool. It is said that the female occasionally descends into the 

 water to affix the egg-mass to some object 

 therein, but this requires confirmation, 

 and it is more probable that the egg-mass 

 is merely dropped in a suitable situation. 

 As soon as the larvae are hatched they 

 begin to provide themselves with cases ; 

 they select small pieces of such material 

 as may be at hand in the water, and 

 connect them together hj means of silk 

 spun from the mouth. Particulars as to 

 these tubes we will defer till we have 

 considered the larvae themselves. These 

 have the general appearance of cater- 

 pillars of moths ; in order to move about 

 they nmst put their head and the three 

 pairs of legs at the front of the body out 

 of their tube or case, and they then look 

 very like case-bearing caterpillars. The 

 part of the body that usually remains 

 under cover is different in texture and 

 colour, and frequently bears outstanding 

 containing tracheae for the purpose of 



Fig. 322. — AnahoUa nervosa. 

 A, Larva extracted from 

 its case ; B, one of the 

 dorsal .spaces of the ab- 

 dominal segments more 

 strongly magnified. 



processes, or 

 extracting air 



filaments, 



from the water. Some peculiar spaces of a 



