174 POPULAR .OFFICIAL GUIDE. 
and by means of a hinge across the middle of the plastron, 
or lower shell, to close it tightly. 
The Tortoise and Lizard Yards.—At the eastern end of the 
Reptile House is a commodious glass-roofed hall, opening 
into a series of sandy yards. This installation is occupied 
by the collection of tortoises and the larger tropical lizards. 
These reptiles do better in captivity, and show to best ad- 
vantage, if given outdoor sunlight and plenty of room for 
exercise. 
The Giant Tortoises are among the most interesting of 
living reptiles. There are fourteen distinct species, all be- 
longing to the genus Testudo. These creatures appear to be 
survivors of the reptilian ages when reptiles attained colossal 
proportions. Fossil remains of the great tortoises show 
these creatures to have formerly inhabited the continents, 
but the survivors are restricted to isolated groups of small 
islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Six species inhabit 
the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Four are found 
in the Aldabra Islands in the Indian Ocean, and four in- 
habit the Mauritius-Rodriguez group of Islands. All the 
species are rapidly becoming extinct. Recent expeditions 
to the Galapagos Islands have reported that very few Giant 
Tortoises now survive in those islands. 
The Giant Tortoises are entirely herbivorous. The speci- 
mens exhibited consume great quantities of green food, 
which varies in kind according to the season’s supply. Dur- 
ing the simmer months they feed largely upon melons. 
Among the species exhibited is Testudo <wicina, repre- 
sented by our largest specimen, captured in the Galapagos 
Islands. It weighs slightly over two hundred and twenty- 
five pounds. Another example from the same islands repre- 
sents Testudo migrita, a smaller and flatter species. Testudo 
elephantina, the Elephant Tortoise, is represented by a large 
specimen from the Aldabra Islands, which is growing 
rapidly. The latter tortoise has a very high shell, and pro- 
portionately small head. 
The Gopher Tortoises, (Tcestudo carolina), are large, thick- 
shelled, clumsy creatures, which burrow in holes in the 
sandy southern regions where they live. Once they were 
common in southern Florida, but their edibility has resulted 
in a great decrease in their abundance. 
The South American Tortoise, (Testudo tabulata), is a 
good representative of the smaller tortoises from various 
parts of the world. It is common throughout tropical 
